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ORS A Solution for Survival
ORS A Solution for Survival

In developing nations, acute diarrheal diseases and dehydration caused by them are one of the most significant causes of death in infants and young children. This dehydration can be managed orally and intravenously, with oral rehydration therapy being the most effective, simple to use, and worthwhile of the two options.

Definition: Dehydration is defined as the loss of water and dissolved salts from the body, occurring, for instance, as a result of diarrhoea and the correction of dehydration is called as Rehydration.

Oral Rehydration Therapy: The Solution is in Your Hands

WHO defines Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) as “The administration of fluid by mouth to prevent or correct the dehydration that is a consequence of diarrhoea”. This fluid consists of a special mixture of water, glucose and salts which help to replenish the lost electrolytes and water and bring it back to normal levels. ORT is an effective treatment method to manage dehydration and a powerful alternative to intravenous therapy.

The WHO Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development (CAH) in collaboration with UNICEF recommend Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) as the main strategy to achieve a reduction in diarrhoea-related mortality and malnutrition in children.

ORS Composition

Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) is the non-proprietary name for a balanced glucose-electrolyte mixture. ORS was approved, recommended and distributed by WHO and UNICEF for the first time in 1969 as a treatment option to manage dehydration throughout the world.

Reduced osmolarity solutions have been introduced by WHO and UNICEF, especially for children, to increase the safety and efficacy and subsequently reduce the stool output.

Reduced osmolarity ORSgrams/litreReduced osmolarity ORSmmol/litre
Sodium chloride2.6Sodium75
Glucose, anhydrous13.5Chloride65
Potassium chloride1.5Glucose, anhydrous75
Trisodium citrate, dihydrate2.9Potassium20
  Citrate10
  Total Osmolarity245

If ORS is unavailable, then a mixture of 6 level teaspoons of sugar, 1/2 level teaspoon of salt dissolved in 1 litre of clean water can be given to a child. Extra care must be taken while mixing the components as too much sugar can worsen diarrhoea and too much salt can be dangerous for the child.

How Oral Rehydration Works?

1.  In a healthy individual, water is continuously exchanged through the intestine’s walls. Nearly 20 litres of water is secreted and reabsorbed every 24 hours. This physiological process also allows the absorption of soluble metabolites (from the digested food) into our bloodstream.

2. In an individual suffering from diarrhoea, this balance of secretion and resorption gets disturbed, resulting in more secretion than resorption. This causes several litres of water loss in a day along with a significant reduction in sodium levels.

3. Sodium is an essential mineral present in the form of Na+ in blood plasma and body fluids i.e. extracellular fluids. Dehydration causes irregulated sodium levels and rapid depletion of water along with Na+. For proper functioning of the body, about 135-150 mmol/l of Na+ are required to be present in the extracellular fluid.

Do you know?
Depletion in more than 10% of the body fluids might result in acute kidney failure subsequently leading to Death.

4. If we only give saline solution to treat diarrhoea, it may worsen the situation. This is because the mechanism for Na+ absorption by the intestinal wall is impaired in diarrhoeal state and the presence of excess Na+ could further result in water secretion worsening diarrhoea.

5.  Adding glucose/dextrose to the saline solution initiates a “co-transport coupling mechanism” as a result of which, each molecule of glucose being absorbed by the intestinal wall helps in the transportation of one molecule of Na+. A relatively increased concentration of sodium inside the intestinal wall pulls water through it, as glucose only co-transports Na+ and not water.

Do you Know?
The co-transport coupling mechanism of Na+ and glucose is reported as “potentially the most important medical advance this century” by THE LANCET journal.

Other molecules with an aptitude to co-transport Na+ through the intestinal wall are amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides. Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) is useful for the treatment of dehydration in patients suffering from prolonged diarrhoea, gastroenteritis, vomiting.

We @ Datt Mediproducts recommend oral rehydration solution as an excellent therapeutic technique for rehydration as “Rehydration Saves More Children

Visit www.dattmedi.com for more infomation.
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Impact of Cancer Treatments on Wound Healing:

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Common Wounds in Cancer Patients:

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Managing Radiation-Induced Skin Reactions:

Radiation therapy can cause skin reactions from mild redness to severe ulceration. Management includes gentle skin care, prescribed topical treatments, avoiding sun exposure, and wearing loose clothing.

Chemotherapy and Wound Healing:

Chemotherapy reduces the immune response and interferes with cellular repair, impairing wound healing. Patients should be monitored for infection and delayed healing, with an emphasis on optimal nutrition and hydration.

Post-Surgical Wound Care:

Proper care involves keeping wounds clean and dry, changing dressings regularly, using sterile dressings and monitoring for any signs of infection. Adhering to healthcare provider instructions is essential.

Infection Prevention:

Strict hygiene practices, sterile wound care products, and prompt treatment of infection signs are crucial, as cancer patients often have compromised immune systems.

Tailoring Wound Care Products:

Sensitive skin due to cancer treatments requires hypoallergenic dressings, silicone-based products, and gentle adhesives to minimize irritation.

Nutritional Support:

A diet rich in protein, water, minerals, vitamins A and C, and zinc supports tissue repair and immune function. Collaboration with a dietitian ensures adequate nutrient intake as nutrition goals differ as per the cancer type, its stage and other medical conditions.

Pain Management:

Effective pain management in cancer patients includes a combination of medications such as analgesics, topical anesthetics, and non-pharmacological methods like relaxation techniques, gentle massage, acupuncture, cognitive therapy etc.

Psychological Support:

Emotional support, counselling, and mental health services help patients cope with cancer and its treatments, contributing to better wound healing.

Multidisciplinary Care Teams:

Collaboration among oncologists, wound care specialists, nurses, dietitians, and mental health professionals ensures comprehensive care tailored to patient’s needs.

Caregiver Recommendations:

Caregivers should maintain a clean environment, follow wound care protocols, ensure proper nutrition, provide emotional support, and recognize infection signs.

Effective wound care for cancer patients requires a holistic approach, addressing the unique challenges posed by cancer treatments. By understanding the impacts of these treatments on wound healing and implementing comprehensive care strategies, we can significantly improve patients’ quality of life and recovery outcomes. Through multidisciplinary collaboration, meticulous care, and robust support systems, we can navigate the complexities of wound care in cancer treatment and ensure optimal healing.

Seasonal Wound Care

As the seasons change, so do the challenges faced by those managing wounds. Whether you’re a healthcare professional or a wound care patient, understanding how weather conditions can impact wound healing is crucial for maintaining optimal recovery. Let’s explore the importance of seasonal wound care and how to adjust your routine for different weather conditions.

Importance of Seasonal Wound Care:

Wound healing is a complex process influenced by various factors, including temperature, humidity, and moisture levels. Different weather conditions can affect this process, potentially slowing down or complicating recovery.

Effects of Hot Weather on Wound Healing:

During the summer months, hot weather can increase perspiration, leading to moisture buildup around wounds. This excess moisture creates an ideal environment for bacterial growth, increasing the risk of infections. To combat this, it’s essential to keep wounds clean and dry, regularly changing dressings to prevent maceration.

Adjusting Wound Care Routine for Summer:

In hot weather, it’s crucial to opt for breathable dressings that allow airflow to the wound while absorbing excess moisture. Consider using moisture-wicking fabrics to minimize sweat buildup and prevent skin irritation.

Managing Increased Perspiration:

To manage increased perspiration, gently cleanse the area around the wound with a mild soap and water solution. Pat the skin dry thoroughly before applying a new dressing. Avoid using harsh antiseptic solutions, as they can irritate the skin and delay healing.

Preventing Infections from Heat and Humidity:

To prevent infections in hot and humid conditions, keep the wound site clean and protected. Change dressings more frequently if necessary, and monitor for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or increased pain.

Effects of Cold Weather on Wound Healing:

In colder climates, dry air and low temperatures can lead to skin dryness and cracking, posing challenges for wound care. Protecting the wound from exposure to cold air and keeping the surrounding skin moisturized are essential for promoting healing.

Protecting Wounds from Dryness and Cracking:

During the winter months, use emollient-rich moisturizers to keep the skin hydrated and prevent dryness and cracking. Choose dressings that provide a barrier against cold air while maintaining moisture balance.

Tips for Wound Care During Rainy Seasons:

In rainy seasons, preventing wound maceration is key. Ensure that dressings are waterproof and change them promptly if they become wet. Keep the wound site clean and dry to minimize the risk of infection.

Adapting Wound Care Products to Seasonal Changes:

Consider using specialized wound care products designed for specific weather conditions. Look for options that offer moisture control, antimicrobial properties, and protection against environmental factors.

By understanding the impact of seasonal changes on wound healing and adjusting your care routine accordingly, you can promote optimal recovery and minimize complications. Stay proactive, stay informed, and prioritize your wound care, regardless of the weather.

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