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What is HIV and how it progresses to AIDS?
What is HIV and how it progresses to AIDS?

HIV is a virus that causes damage to the immune system by destroying the white blood cells in the body. First identified in the year 1981, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) interferes with the body’s ability to fight against disease-causing microorganisms. It destroys CD4 cells (a type of T-helper cells that move around the body & detect anomalies & infections), makes copies of itself and weakens an individual’s immune system.

When CD4 counts drop below 200 it is an indication of serious immune damage and a person is diagnosed with AIDS. The normal range for CD4 cells is about 500-1500.

How HIV becomes AIDS?

AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. AIDS is the set of symptoms caused by infection from a virus, known as HIV.

HIV contraction leads to AIDS but it doesn’t mean that all individuals with HIV infection will develop AIDS. HIV progression varies from individual to individual. Although there is no cure for HIV, medications may help to slow its progression.

STAGE 1: ACUTE PHASE: Primary Infection
This phase generally lasts for a few weeks and people infected may develop flu-like symptoms such as fever, headaches, joint pain, muscle pain, rashes, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, etc. Symptoms are so mild that they are unnoticeable. But the viral load increases in the acute phase itself and very easily spread to the next phase.

STAGE 2: CHRONIC HIV: Clinical Latency (HIV inactivity or dormancy)
During this stage, HIV continues to multiply in the body but at very low levels. People in this stage may not even get any of the HIV-related symptoms. This stage may last for 10 years if the patient is not on antiretroviral therapy. In some people, the infection may advance much sooner. However, people who take HIV (ART) medicine as prescribed may be in this stage for several decades.

STAGE 3: Symptomatic HIV Infection: AIDS
Thanks to the available ART treatments, the chances of developing AIDS have decreased drastically. AIDS is the most severe stage of the infection and occurs when the immune system is severely damaged. The risk of developing opportunistic infections or cancers also increases as a result.

 Do You Know?
World AIDS Day was observed on 1st December 1988 for the first time with the theme “Join the Worldwide Effort”. This date was designated by WHO and supported by the United Nations.  

How HIV do and doesn’t Transmit?
HIV is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). It transmits through body fluids including infected blood, semen, vaginal & rectal fluids and from mother to child during pregnancy, birth or even breastfeeding.
Do you know that “UNDETECTABLE=UNTRANSMITTABLE”? If HIV can’t be detected, it means it can’t be transmitted to others, even after the transfer of body fluids because of the very low count of HIV virus. If you are treated for HIV early in your pregnancy, the risk of transmitting HIV to your baby can be 1% or less.

HIV doesn’t transmit through air or water, or through casual contact. It can’t spread through sweat, saliva or urine.

PREVENTING HIV:
There is no vaccine to prevent HIV transmission but the risk of contracting the infection can be lowered by taking certain steps:
– Avoid sharing needles and syringes as they may be contaminated with HIV or even the Hepatitis virus.
– Have safer sex by using protection, getting tested for HIV & other sexually transmitted infections on a regular basis.
– Mothers should not breastfeed their children if they are HIV positive, breast milk can carry the HIV virus.
– Contact a medical healthcare provider to talk about taking PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) and PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) before and after being exposed to the HIV virus. This reduces the risk of contracting the virus.
– Take the ART medications as directed by the physician.

We @ Datt Mediproducts understand that there is no cure of HIV, but with treatment it can be controlled and the progression can slow down. We recommend getting tested for HIV regularly so that you can get the antiretroviral treatment when you need it. If people with HIV take ART as prescribed, their viral load can become undetectable. By following the preventive measures, one can live a healthy and long life.

Visit www.dattmedi.com for more infomation.
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Wound Care for Cancer Patients

Cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, are essential for combating the disease but often pose significant challenges to wound healing. Understanding these impacts and managing wounds effectively is crucial for patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals. This blog provides insights and recommendations for effective wound care in cancer patients.

Impact of Cancer Treatments on Wound Healing:

Chemotherapy and radiation therapy, while targeting cancer cells, also damage healthy tissues especially rapidly dividing Keratinocytes along with Fibroblasts, Melanocytes, Endothelial cells & Immune cells, delaying wound healing. Surgery can result in complex wounds needing specialized care.

Common Wounds in Cancer Patients:

Cancer patients may have surgical wounds, radiation-induced skin reactions, and wounds from intravenous catheter sites. Advanced cancer patients may develop pressure ulcers due to immobility.

Managing Radiation-Induced Skin Reactions:

Radiation therapy can cause skin reactions from mild redness to severe ulceration. Management includes gentle skin care, prescribed topical treatments, avoiding sun exposure, and wearing loose clothing.

Chemotherapy and Wound Healing:

Chemotherapy reduces the immune response and interferes with cellular repair, impairing wound healing. Patients should be monitored for infection and delayed healing, with an emphasis on optimal nutrition and hydration.

Post-Surgical Wound Care:

Proper care involves keeping wounds clean and dry, changing dressings regularly, using sterile dressings and monitoring for any signs of infection. Adhering to healthcare provider instructions is essential.

Infection Prevention:

Strict hygiene practices, sterile wound care products, and prompt treatment of infection signs are crucial, as cancer patients often have compromised immune systems.

Tailoring Wound Care Products:

Sensitive skin due to cancer treatments requires hypoallergenic dressings, silicone-based products, and gentle adhesives to minimize irritation.

Nutritional Support:

A diet rich in protein, water, minerals, vitamins A and C, and zinc supports tissue repair and immune function. Collaboration with a dietitian ensures adequate nutrient intake as nutrition goals differ as per the cancer type, its stage and other medical conditions.

Pain Management:

Effective pain management in cancer patients includes a combination of medications such as analgesics, topical anesthetics, and non-pharmacological methods like relaxation techniques, gentle massage, acupuncture, cognitive therapy etc.

Psychological Support:

Emotional support, counselling, and mental health services help patients cope with cancer and its treatments, contributing to better wound healing.

Multidisciplinary Care Teams:

Collaboration among oncologists, wound care specialists, nurses, dietitians, and mental health professionals ensures comprehensive care tailored to patient’s needs.

Caregiver Recommendations:

Caregivers should maintain a clean environment, follow wound care protocols, ensure proper nutrition, provide emotional support, and recognize infection signs.

Effective wound care for cancer patients requires a holistic approach, addressing the unique challenges posed by cancer treatments. By understanding the impacts of these treatments on wound healing and implementing comprehensive care strategies, we can significantly improve patients’ quality of life and recovery outcomes. Through multidisciplinary collaboration, meticulous care, and robust support systems, we can navigate the complexities of wound care in cancer treatment and ensure optimal healing.

Seasonal Wound Care

As the seasons change, so do the challenges faced by those managing wounds. Whether you’re a healthcare professional or a wound care patient, understanding how weather conditions can impact wound healing is crucial for maintaining optimal recovery. Let’s explore the importance of seasonal wound care and how to adjust your routine for different weather conditions.

Importance of Seasonal Wound Care:

Wound healing is a complex process influenced by various factors, including temperature, humidity, and moisture levels. Different weather conditions can affect this process, potentially slowing down or complicating recovery.

Effects of Hot Weather on Wound Healing:

During the summer months, hot weather can increase perspiration, leading to moisture buildup around wounds. This excess moisture creates an ideal environment for bacterial growth, increasing the risk of infections. To combat this, it’s essential to keep wounds clean and dry, regularly changing dressings to prevent maceration.

Adjusting Wound Care Routine for Summer:

In hot weather, it’s crucial to opt for breathable dressings that allow airflow to the wound while absorbing excess moisture. Consider using moisture-wicking fabrics to minimize sweat buildup and prevent skin irritation.

Managing Increased Perspiration:

To manage increased perspiration, gently cleanse the area around the wound with a mild soap and water solution. Pat the skin dry thoroughly before applying a new dressing. Avoid using harsh antiseptic solutions, as they can irritate the skin and delay healing.

Preventing Infections from Heat and Humidity:

To prevent infections in hot and humid conditions, keep the wound site clean and protected. Change dressings more frequently if necessary, and monitor for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or increased pain.

Effects of Cold Weather on Wound Healing:

In colder climates, dry air and low temperatures can lead to skin dryness and cracking, posing challenges for wound care. Protecting the wound from exposure to cold air and keeping the surrounding skin moisturized are essential for promoting healing.

Protecting Wounds from Dryness and Cracking:

During the winter months, use emollient-rich moisturizers to keep the skin hydrated and prevent dryness and cracking. Choose dressings that provide a barrier against cold air while maintaining moisture balance.

Tips for Wound Care During Rainy Seasons:

In rainy seasons, preventing wound maceration is key. Ensure that dressings are waterproof and change them promptly if they become wet. Keep the wound site clean and dry to minimize the risk of infection.

Adapting Wound Care Products to Seasonal Changes:

Consider using specialized wound care products designed for specific weather conditions. Look for options that offer moisture control, antimicrobial properties, and protection against environmental factors.

By understanding the impact of seasonal changes on wound healing and adjusting your care routine accordingly, you can promote optimal recovery and minimize complications. Stay proactive, stay informed, and prioritize your wound care, regardless of the weather.

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